Rabies+-+Ashley+and+Kamille

Rabies!By: Kamille Granby and Ashley Melendez Oh look! We’re dealing with Rabies. Also known as **hydrophobia**, **Rabies Virus** and **Lyssavirus**.

Rabies or  is a viral neuroinvasive disease that causes inflammation of the brain in warm-blooded animals. 

Rabies was discovered by a Italian physician, Girolamo Fracastoro. He found this to be a fatal virus to animals and humans he did this in the 16th century. Rabies seem to lead all the way back to 2300 BC even though officially let out in the 16th century. It looks to have been first known in and around the area of Ontario. The most recent large outbreak was in Sierra Leone's capital Freetown. Last year it was said to kill over 100 people. Rabies seem to be spread out though out the global even in the places you think wouldn't have them. They are all over and all it takes is one little bit to get exposure. Once visible symptoms have developed, the mortality rate is almost 100 per cent. Very few people are known to have survived a rabies infection. Approximately 1 in 15,111 or 0.01% or 18,000 people in United States.

The first symptoms can appear from a few days to more than a year after the bite happens. Someone infected with rabies may develop many symptoms. A few are:  · Irritability · Excessive movements · Confusion · Aggressiveness · Bizarre/abnormal thoughts · Muscle spasms · Abnormal postures · Seizures · Weakness in a part of the body · Extreme sensitivity to bright lights, sound or touch · Increased production of saliva or tears · Difficulty speaking

When the infection spreads to the nervous system the symptoms can become advanced. Such symptoms are:

· Double vision · Problems moving facial muscles · Abnormal movements of the diaphragm and muscles that control breathing · Difficulty swallowing and increased production of saliva, causing the “foaming at the mouth” effect.  Animals transmit it, most commonly by a bite from an infected animal, but occasionally by other forms of contact. There is such a thing as a human-to-human transmission of rabies. All mammals, including humans, can get rabies. All organisms get sick from the transmission and will most likely die without treatment.



↑↑ Above is a picture of how scientist find the virus to look and contain↑↑ Ok so if you guys don't know viruses are very small and range from 1 nm - 20 nm in size. Viruses consist of  a core, which happen to be the genetic material of   the virus, surrounded by a capsid which is made up of   virus encoded-proteins. Next most major thing a virus needs to do is to find a host cell so replication can occur. Once it has all thing its ready to go, as long as the host cell does not die it can keep copying itself and spread through out the human body. How does it occur you say? Well, the rabies virus enters the body through a cut, scratch or mucous membranes (eyes and mouth) then, it makes its’ exciting journey to your nervous system. Once the infection meets your brain, the virus travels into the nerves and multiplies in different organs! The virion attaches to the receptors on the cell surface and triggers endocytosis. The rabies virus travels to the brain and spinal cord cells, their main hosts, and enters the cell. Then, it 'orders' the host to produce the rabies cell parts. After that, the parts assemble and when the host is overfilled with the virus, it bursts and the new cells go off to attack more cells.

How do we fight the virus? Well the answer to this question is to get the rabies vaccination that was made by Louis Pasteur in 1885. This will give you the assurance that you should be safe, but if you feel irritation after being bit it is best to seek medical attention by calling your doctor or going to the nearest hospital. Rabies now can be prevented through vaccination, now in days there have been many different vaccinations invented to stop you from getting rabies. Now they are using a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the rabies viruses G protein. ↓↓ ↓↓ ↓↓ <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> What this does is it joins in to stop rabies from copying this makes it harder to spread and eventually both viruses give up because they are trying to do what they need to, to spread and its not working.

[[https://dokuwiki.noctrl.edu/doku.php?id=bio:440:rabies|ttps://dokuwiki.noctrl.edu/doku.php?id=bio:440:rabieshttp://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/r/rabies/stats.htm

https://dokuwiki.noctrl.edu/doku.php?id=bio:440:rabies#vaccination_and_treatments ]]