Herpes-Jay+and+Alexis

Alexis Beren, Jay Smith

Herpesviridea aka Herpes

Herpes is caused by herpes simplex viruses, herpes simplex virus 1(HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus 2(HSV-2). Both cause outbreaks of herpes. The site of the infection categorizes herpes. Oral herpes is a visible symptom that causes the infected person to have cold sores. Oral herpes is the most common strain herpes. Genital herpes is the second most common. Genital herpes causes bumps and discoloration of the genital area. The bumps go away but the herpes is still there, the bumps will come back at random times. Herpes is spread to other people by having sex, or kissing someone who has herpes (only oral herpes it transmitted by kissing but you can get it from oral sex). Herpes dates back to ancient Greece. Herpes is a Greek word that means “to creep or crawl”. This word came from how the herpes infection slowly spreads over your infected area. Shakespeare writes of a “blister plague” which historians believe is a herpes outbreak among a large population. It is unknown when or where herpes started, most physicians think it is something that started at the beginning of the human race. There are many strains of herpes and even animals have them. Monkey herpes is the only strain known to spread to people. All herpes contain at least 74 genes. HSV-1 and HSV-2 have complex genomes. They have 2 parts the long unique region (UL) and the short unique region (US). UL has 56 viral genes while US only has 12. Here is a table to show you the genes of herpes.
 * ** The open reading frames (ORFs) of HSV-1[|[8]] [|[6]] **  ||
 * ** Gene ** || ** Protein ** || ** Function/description ** || ** Gene ** || ** Protein ** || ** Function/description ** ||
 * [|UL1] ||  [|Glycoprotein]  L [|[2]]   || Surface and membrane  ||  [|UL38]  || UL38; VP19C [|[3]]   || Capsid assembly and DNA maturation  ||
 * [|UL2] || UL2 [|[4]]   ||  [|Uracil-DNA glycosylase]  ||  [|UL39]  || UL39 [|[5]]   ||  [|Ribonucleotide reductase]  (Large subunit)  ||
 * [|UL3] || UL3 [|[6]]   || unknown  ||  [|UL40]  || UL40 [|[7]]   || Ribonucleotide reductase (Small subunit)  ||
 * [|UL4] || UL4 [|[8]]   || unknown  ||  [|UL41]  || UL41; VHS [|[9]]   || Tegument protein; Virion host shutoff [|[9]]   ||
 * [|UL5] || UL5 [|[10]]   ||  [|DNA replication]  ||  [|UL42]  || UL42 [|[11]]   ||  [|DNA polymerase]  processivity factor  ||
 * [|UL6] || UL6 [|[12]]   || Processing and packaging DNA  ||  [|UL43]  || UL43 [|[13]]   || Membrane protein  ||
 * [|UL7] || UL7 [|[14]]   || Virion maturation  ||  [|UL44]  || Glycoprotein C [|[15]]   || Surface and membrane  ||
 * [|UL8] || UL8 [|[16]]   ||  [|DNA helicase]  / [|primase] complex-associated protein  ||  [|UL45]  || UL45 [|[17]]   || Membrane protein; C-type lectin [|[10]]   ||
 * [|UL9] || UL9 [|[18]]   ||  [|Replication origin]  -binding protein  ||  [|UL46]  || VP11/12 [|[19]]  || Tegument proteins  ||
 * [|UL10] || Glycoprotein M [|[20]]   || Surface and membrane  ||  [|UL47]  || UL47; VP13/14 [|[21]]   || Tegument protein  ||
 * [|UL11] || UL11 [|[22]]   || virion exit and secondary envelopment  ||  [|UL48]  || VP16 (Alpha-TIF) [|[23]]   || Virion maturation; activate [|IEGs] by interacting with the cellular transcription factors Oct-1 and HCF. Binds to the sequence 5' TAATGARAT 3' .  ||
 * [|UL12] || UL12 [|[24]]   ||  [|Alkaline]   [|exonuclease]   ||  [|UL49]  || UL49A [|[25]]   || Envelope protein  ||
 * [|UL13] || UL13 [|[26]]   ||  [|Serine]  - [|threonine] [|protein kinase]   ||  [|UL50]  || UL50 [|[27]]   ||  [|dUTP diphosphatase]  ||
 * [|UL14] || UL14 [|[28]]   ||  [|Tegument]  protein  ||  [|UL51]  || UL51 [|[29]]   || Tegument protein  ||
 * [|UL15] ||  [|Terminase]   [|[30]]   || Processing and packaging of DNA  ||  [|UL52]  || UL52 [|[31]]   || DNA helicase/primase complex protein  ||
 * [|UL16] || UL16 [|[32]]   || Tegument protein  ||  [|UL53]  || Glycoprotein K [|[33]]   || Surface and membrane  ||
 * [|UL17] || UL17 [|[34]]   || Processing and packaging DNA  ||  [|UL54]  || IE63; ICP27 [|[35]]   || Transcriptional regulation  ||
 * [|UL18] || VP23 [|[36]]   ||  [|Capsid]  protein  ||  [|UL55]  || UL55 [|[37]]   || Unknown  ||
 * [|UL19] || VP5 [|[38]]   || Major capsid protein  ||  [|UL56]  || UL56 [|[39]]   || Unknown  ||
 * [|UL20] || UL20 [|[40]]   || Membrane protein  ||  [|US1]  || ICP22; IE68 [|[41]]   || Viral replication  ||
 * [|UL21] || UL21 [|[42]]   || Tegument protein [|[11]]   ||  [|US2]  || US2 [|[43]]   || Unknown  ||
 * [|UL22] || Glycoprotein H [|[44]]   || Surface and membrane  ||  [|US3]  || US3 [|[45]]   || Serine/threonine-protein kinase  ||
 * [|UL23] ||  [|Thymidine kinase]   [|[46]]   || Peripheral to DNA replication  ||  [|US4]  || Glycoprotein G [|[47]]   || Surface and membrane  ||
 * [|UL24] || UL24 [|[48]]   || unknown  ||  [|US5]  || Glycoprotein J [|[49]]   || Surface and membrane  ||
 * [|UL25] || UL25 [|[50]]   || Processing and packaging DNA  ||  [|US6]  || Glycoprotein D [|[51]]   || Surface and membrane  ||
 * [|UL26] || P40; VP24; VP22A [|[52]]   || Capsid protein  ||  [|US7]  || Glycoprotein I [|[53]]   || Surface and membrane  ||
 * [|UL27] || Glycoprotein B [|[54]]   || Surface and membrane  ||  [|US8]  || Glycoprotein E [|[55]]   || Surface and membrane  ||
 * [|UL28] || ICP18.5 [|[56]]   || Processing and packaging DNA  ||  [|US9]  || US9 [|[57]]   || Tegument protein  ||
 * [|UL29] || UL29 [|[58]]   || Major DNA-binding protein  ||  [|US10]  || US10 [|[59]]   || Capsid/Tegument protein  ||
 * [|UL30] ||  [|DNA polymerase]   [|[60]]   || DNA replication  ||  [|US11]  || US11; Vmw21 [|[61]]   || Binds DNA and RNA  ||
 * [|UL31] || UL31 [|[62]]   || Nuclear matrix protein  ||  [|US12]  || ICP47; IE12 [|[63]]   || Inhibits [|MHC class I] pathway by preventing binding of antigen to [|TAP]   ||
 * [|UL32] || UL32 [|[64]]   ||  [|Envelope]   [|glycoprotein]   ||  [|RS1]  || ICP4; IE175 [|[65]]   || Activates gene transcription  ||
 * [|UL33] || UL33 [|[66]]   || Processing and packaging DNA  ||  [|ICP0]  || ICP0; IE110; α0 [|[67]]   || E3 [|ubiquitin] ligase that activates viral gene transcription and counteracts the [|interferon] response  ||
 * [|UL34] || UL34 [|[68]]   || Inner nuclear membrane protein  ||  [|LRP1]  || LRP1 [|[69]]   || Latency-related protein  ||
 * [|UL35] || VP26 [|[70]]   || Capsid protein  ||  [|LRP2]  || LRP2 [|[71]]   || Latency-related protein  ||
 * [|UL36] || UL36 [|[72]]   || Large tegument protein  ||  [|RL1]  || RL1; ICP34.5 [|[73]]   || Neurovirulence factor. Antagonizes [|PKR] by de-phosphorylating eIF4a.  ||
 * [|UL37] || UL37 [|[74]]   || Capsid assembly  ||  [|LAT]  || none [|[75]]   || Latency-associated transcript ||

When herpes enters the body the envelope covering the virus searches out for certain cell receptors. When they are found the envelope fuses with the cell membrane, which causes an opining for the virus. Once inside, the virus multiplies until the host cell is taken over and then spreads to more cells. Your body can’t fight of herpes because it would have to fight off its own cells. Herpes can be treated with anti-viral medication. It can not be cured.





Herpes Facts:

·  One out of five of the total adolescent and adult population is infected with genital herpes. ·  Infection is more common in women (approximately one out of four women) than in men (almost one out of five). ·  Male-to-female transmission is more efficient than female-to-male transmission. ·  One in five Americans have genital herpes (yet at least 80 percent of those with herpes are unaware they have it). ·  About 80 percent of American adults have oral herpes (cold sores). ·  An estimated 25 percent of American adults have genital herpes. ·  Genital herpes affects approximately one in six Australian adults ·  Approximately two-thirds of people who acquire STDs in the United States are younger than 25. 1,3   ·   About one in five people in the United States over age 12 (approximately 45 million individuals) are infected with HSV-2, the virus that causes genital herpes. 2   ·   According to the A.H.M.F. (Australian Herpes Management Forum) genital herpes is under-diagnosed — of people with genital herpes simplex virus infection only 1 in 5 are diagnosed and, up to 80% of cases of genital herpes are not recognized as such by clinicians. ·  At least one in four Americans will contract an STD at some point in their lives. ·  Up to 1 million new HSV-2 infections may be transmitted each year in the United States. 1   ·   Costs associated with genital herpes totaled approximately $237 million in 1994. 3   ·   Genital herpes infection also is more common among African Americans (45.9%) than among White Caucasian (17.6%). ·  Since the late 1970s, the number of Americans with genital herpes infection has increased 30%. ·  The largest increase of genital herpes is among young White teenagers. ·  Genital herpes infection is now five times more common in 12- to 19-year-old White adolescents. ·  Genital herpes is twice as common among young adults ages 20 to 29 than it was 20 years ago.

Citations:

http://std.about.com/od/treatment/f/herptreatfaq.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus http://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/STDFact-herpes.htm http://www.globalherbalsupplies.com/herpes/stats.html